r - remove scientific notations

To remove scientific notation in R, you can use the options() function to change the way numbers are displayed. By setting the scipen option to a high value, you can disable scientific notation for large or small numbers. Here are the steps to remove scientific notation in R:

  1. Use the options() function to access and modify the global options in R.

  2. Set the scipen option to a high value, such as 999, to disable scientific notation.

Here is an example of how you can remove scientific notation in R:

# Set the scipen option to disable scientific notation
options(scipen = 999)

# Example data with scientific notation
x <- c(1e6, 1e-6)

# Display the data with scientific notation
print(x)
# Output: [1] 1e+06 1e-06

# Disable scientific notation
options(scipen = 999)

# Display the data without scientific notation
print(x)
# Output: [1] 1000000 0.000001

In the example above, we first set the scipen option to 999 using the options() function. Then, we define a vector x with two numbers, one large and one small, represented in scientific notation. When we print x without modifying the scipen option, we see the numbers displayed in scientific notation. However, after disabling scientific notation by setting scipen to 999, the numbers are displayed in a non-scientific format.

Note that changing the scipen option affects the display of numbers globally in your R session. If you want to revert to the default behavior, you can reset the scipen option to its original value by using options(scipen = 0).