Lua if statement

In Lua, an if statement is used to execute a block of code conditionally. The syntax for an if statement in Lua is as follows:

if condition then
    -- code to execute if condition is true
elseif condition then
    -- code to execute if the first condition is false and this condition is true
else
    -- code to execute if all conditions are false
end

Here is an explanation of each step:

1. The keyword if marks the beginning of the if statement.
2. The condition is a logical expression that evaluates to either true or false. It determines whether the code block associated with the if statement should be executed or not.
3. The keyword then indicates the start of the code block that should be executed if the condition is true.
4. The code block associated with the if statement is enclosed within the then and end keywords. This block of code is executed if the condition evaluates to true.
5. If the condition is false, Lua moves to the next part of the if statement, which is the elseif clause (optional).
6. The elseif keyword is followed by another condition. If this condition is true, the code block associated with the elseif is executed.
7. If none of the previous conditions are true, Lua moves to the else clause (optional).
8. The else keyword is followed by a code block. This block of code is executed if all previous conditions are false.
9. The end keyword marks the end of the if statement.

It is important to note that Lua supports nested if statements, where an if statement can be placed inside another if statement to create more complex conditional logic.