Goroutines in golang

Goroutines in Go are lightweight threads of execution that allow concurrent programming. They are managed by the Go runtime and make it easy to write concurrent code. Here are the steps involved in using goroutines:

1. Define a function: First, you need to define a function that you want to execute concurrently. This function should have no arguments and no return values.

2. Launch a goroutine: To execute the function concurrently, you can use the go keyword followed by the function call. This will create a new goroutine and start executing the function in the background.

3. Concurrent execution: Once the goroutine is launched, it starts executing independently alongside the main program. This means that the main program continues to execute without waiting for the goroutine to finish.

4. Synchronization: If you need to synchronize the execution of the goroutine with the main program, you can use synchronization primitives like channels or wait groups. These allow you to coordinate the flow of execution between the goroutines and the main program.

5. Communication: Goroutines can communicate with each other through channels. Channels provide a way to send and receive values between goroutines. This allows for safe and synchronized communication between different parts of a concurrent program.

6. Completion: If you need to wait for a goroutine to complete before the main program exits, you can use synchronization mechanisms like channels or wait groups to ensure that all goroutines have finished their execution.

By using goroutines, you can achieve efficient concurrent programming in Go without the need for explicit thread management. Goroutines make it easy to write concurrent code that takes full advantage of modern multi-core processors.