C++ Exceptions

C++ exceptions provide a way to handle exceptional situations that may occur during the execution of a program. Here are the steps involved in using C++ exceptions:

1. Throw: When an exceptional situation occurs, the program can throw an exception using the "throw" keyword, followed by an expression. This expression can be of any type, but it is usually an object that represents the exceptional situation.

2. Catch: To handle the thrown exception, the program can use a try-catch block. The try block contains the code that may throw an exception, while the catch block contains the code that handles the exception. Multiple catch blocks can be used to handle different types of exceptions.

3. Matching: When an exception is thrown, the program searches for a catch block that can handle the exception. The catch blocks are evaluated in the order they appear, and the first catch block whose type matches the thrown exception's type is executed. If no matching catch block is found, the program terminates.

4. Handling: The catch block that matches the thrown exception's type is executed. The code within the catch block handles the exceptional situation. It can perform any necessary operations, such as logging the error, displaying a message to the user, or recovering from the exception.

5. Continue or Rethrow: After the exception is handled, the program can choose to continue executing the remaining code or rethrow the exception. Rethrowing an exception allows it to be caught by an outer catch block, providing a higher-level handler for the exception.

By using C++ exceptions, you can effectively handle exceptional situations and ensure that your program behaves correctly even when unexpected errors occur.