inheritance example in C plus plus

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Base class
class Shape {
   public:
    void setWidth(int w) {
        width = w;
    }
    void setHeight(int h) {
        height = h;
    }

   protected:
    int width;
    int height;
};

// Derived class
class Rectangle : public Shape {
   public:
    int getArea() {
        return (width * height);
    }
};

int main() {
    Rectangle Rect;

    Rect.setWidth(5);
    Rect.setHeight(7);

    // Print the area of the object.
    cout << "Total area: " << Rect.getArea() << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation: - #include <iostream>: Includes the input/output stream library, allowing the program to perform input and output operations. - using namespace std;: Enables the use of entities in the standard C++ library (such as cout and endl) without specifying the namespace. - class Shape { ... };: Defines a base class named Shape. It contains setWidth() and setHeight() functions to set the width and height of the shape, respectively. - protected:: Indicates that the width and height member variables are accessible within this class and its derived classes. - class Rectangle : public Shape { ... };: Defines a derived class Rectangle that inherits publicly from the Shape class. It does not add any new members but inherits the width and height variables from Shape. - int getArea() { ... }: Defines a member function getArea() in the Rectangle class to calculate and return the area of the rectangle using the inherited width and height. - main() { ... }: The main function where the program execution starts. - Rectangle Rect;: Creates an object Rect of type Rectangle. - Rect.setWidth(5);: Sets the width of the rectangle object Rect to 5 using the setWidth() function inherited from the Shape class. - Rect.setHeight(7);: Sets the height of the rectangle object Rect to 7 using the setHeight() function inherited from the Shape class. - cout << "Total area: " << Rect.getArea() << endl;: Calculates and prints the total area of the rectangle object Rect using the getArea() function inherited from the Rectangle class.

The example demonstrates inheritance in C++ where the Rectangle class inherits the properties and functions of the Shape class, allowing it to calculate the area based on width and height inherited from the base class.