C++ Increment and Decrement

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int a = 5;

    // Increment operator (++)
    ++a;
    std::cout << "After pre-increment: " << a << std::endl;

    a++;
    std::cout << "After post-increment: " << a << std::endl;

    // Decrement operator (--)
    --a;
    std::cout << "After pre-decrement: " << a << std::endl;

    a--;
    std::cout << "After post-decrement: " << a << std::endl;

    return 0;
}