c++ vector pop_back

The pop_back function is a member function of the std::vector class in C++. It is used to remove the last element from the vector. Here are the steps involved in using the pop_back function:

The pop_back function is called on an instance of the std::vector class. For example, if we have a vector named myVector, we would call the function like this: myVector.pop_back();.
The pop_back function removes the last element from the vector by reducing the size of the vector by 1. This means that the element is not physically removed from memory, but it is no longer considered a part of the vector.
If the vector is empty before calling the pop_back function, the behavior is undefined. It is always a good practice to check if the vector is empty before calling pop_back to avoid any unexpected errors.
After calling pop_back, the size of the vector is reduced by 1. The capacity of the vector remains unchanged unless the pop_back operation causes the vector to shrink below a certain threshold, in which case the vector may reallocate its internal memory to reduce memory usage.
If needed, the value of the element that was removed from the vector can be retrieved before calling pop_back. This can be done by using the back function, which returns a reference to the last element in the vector. For example: int lastElement = myVector.back();.
It is important to note that calling pop_back on an empty vector will result in undefined behavior. To avoid this, it is recommended to check if the vector is empty before calling pop_back.

That's it! These are the steps involved in using the pop_back function in C++. Let me know if you have any further questions.