Quicksort taking random pivot

Quicksort is a sorting algorithm that follows the divide-and-conquer approach. It works by selecting a pivot element from the array and partitioning the other elements into two sub-arrays, according to whether they are less than or greater than the pivot. The sub-arrays are then recursively sorted.

Here is an explanation of each step in the Quicksort algorithm with a random pivot:

1. Select a pivot: Choose a random element from the array to serve as the pivot.

2. Partition the array: Rearrange the array elements so that all elements less than the pivot come before it, and all elements greater than the pivot come after it. This step is also known as the partitioning process.

3. Recursive sorting: Recursively apply the above steps to the sub-arrays created by the partition. This means selecting a new pivot for each sub-array and repeating the partitioning process until the sub-arrays are small enough to be considered sorted.

4. Combine the sub-arrays: Once the recursive sorting is complete, the sub-arrays can be combined to obtain the final sorted array. The elements from the left sub-array, the pivot element, and the elements from the right sub-array are concatenated in order.

By following these steps, Quicksort efficiently sorts the array by dividing it into smaller sub-arrays and recursively sorting them. The random selection of the pivot helps avoid worst-case scenarios and improves the average performance of the algorithm.