cases in cpp

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In C++, the "switch" statement is used to evaluate a variable or expression against a list of cases. Each case represents a specific value or range of values that the variable or expression can take. When a match is found, the corresponding block of code is executed.

Here is the syntax for a switch statement in C++:

switch (expression) {
    case value1:
        // code to be executed if expression matches value1
        break;
    case value2:
        // code to be executed if expression matches value2
        break;
    case value3:
        // code to be executed if expression matches value3
        break;
    // more cases can be added here
    default:
        // code to be executed if expression doesn't match any case
}

Let's go through each step of a switch statement:

1. The "switch" keyword is followed by parentheses that contain the expression or variable to be evaluated.

2. Inside the curly braces, you define multiple "case" labels. Each case label represents a specific value or range of values that the expression or variable can take. It is followed by a colon (":").

3. After the case label, you write the code that should be executed if the expression matches the value specified in the case label.

4. At the end of each case block, you need to use the "break" statement to exit the switch statement. This prevents the execution from falling through to the next case.

5. If none of the cases match the expression, the code inside the "default" block will be executed. The "default" block is optional, and it is typically used to handle any values that are not covered by the defined cases.

That's it! The switch statement in C++ allows you to choose between different blocks of code based on the value of an expression or variable. It provides a more concise and readable way to handle multiple conditions compared to nested if-else statements.