cpp switch

In C++, the switch statement is used to control the flow of program execution based on the value of a variable or an expression. It provides an alternative to using multiple if-else statements.

Here are the steps involved in using the switch statement in C++:

1. Declare the variable or expression that will be evaluated inside the switch statement. This variable or expression is often referred to as the "switch variable."

2. Open the switch statement using the keyword "switch" followed by the switch variable in parentheses. Then, open a block of code using curly braces.

3. Inside the block of code, define multiple cases using the keyword "case" followed by a constant value or an expression. Each case represents a possible value of the switch variable.

4. After each case, add a colon (:) and write the code that should be executed if the value of the switch variable matches the case. This code is often referred to as the "case block."

5. At the end of each case block, add the keyword "break" to exit the switch statement. Without the break statement, the execution will continue to the next case block, resulting in multiple case blocks being executed.

6. Optionally, you can include a default case using the keyword "default". The default case is executed when none of the case values match the value of the switch variable.

7. Close the switch statement block using a closing curly brace.

Here is an example of using the switch statement in C++:

int day = 1;

switch (day) {
    case 1:
        cout << "Monday" << endl;
        break;
    case 2:
        cout << "Tuesday" << endl;
        break;
    case 3:
        cout << "Wednesday" << endl;
        break;
    case 4:
        cout << "Thursday" << endl;
        break;
    case 5:
        cout << "Friday" << endl;
        break;
    case 6:
        cout << "Saturday" << endl;
        break;
    case 7:
        cout << "Sunday" << endl;
        break;
    default:
        cout << "Invalid day" << endl;
        break;
}

In this example, the value of the variable "day" is evaluated inside the switch statement. Depending on the value, the corresponding case block is executed. If none of the case values match, the default case is executed. In this case, the output will be "Monday" since the value of "day" is 1.