remove last character from string c++

To remove the last character from a string in C++, you can use the substr() function. Here's a step-by-step explanation of the process:

1. Declare the string: Start by declaring a string variable and assigning a value to it. For example, std::string str = "Hello world!";.

2. Get the string length: Use the length() or size() function to determine the length of the string. For example, int length = str.length();.

3. Remove the last character: To remove the last character from the string, you can use the substr() function. This function takes two arguments: the starting position and the length of the substring to be extracted. In this case, you can use str.substr(0, length - 1); to extract all characters except the last one.

4. The first argument 0 specifies the starting position, which indicates that the substring should start from the beginning of the original string.

5. The second argument length - 1 specifies the length of the substring. By subtracting 1 from the length, we exclude the last character.

6. Assign the modified string: Assign the modified string to a new variable or overwrite the original string with the modified version. For example, std::string modifiedStr = str.substr(0, length - 1); or str = str.substr(0, length - 1);.

By following these steps, you can remove the last character from a string in C++.