map in cpp

map in C++ is a standard template library (STL) class which is a sorted associative container. It stores elements formed by a combination of a key value and a mapped value. When a map is created, it is sorted according to the key value.

To use map in C++, include the header file at the beginning of your program. You can declare a map using the following syntax:

std::map<key_type, value_type> map_name;

To insert elements into the map, you can use the insert() function:

map_name.insert(std::pair<key_type, value_type>(key_value, mapped_value));

To access elements in the map, you can use the [] operator:

map_name[key_value] = new_mapped_value;

To iterate or traverse through the map, you can use iterators:

for(auto it = map_name.begin(); it != map_name.end(); ++it) {
    std::cout << it->first << " : " << it->second << std::endl;
}

Overall, map in C++ provides a way to store key-value pairs in a sorted manner, and it offers various operations for efficient manipulation of the stored data.