c++ code for quicksort

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void swap(int a, int b) {
    int t = *a;
    a = b;
    *b = t;
}

int partition(int arr[], int low, int high) {
    int pivot = arr[high];
    int i = (low - 1);

    for (int j = low; j <= high - 1; j++) {
        if (arr[j] < pivot) {
            i++;
            swap(&arr[i], &arr[j]);
        }
    }
    swap(&arr[i + 1], &arr[high]);
    return (i + 1);
}

void quicksort(int arr[], int low, int high) {
    if (low < high) {
        int pi = partition(arr, low, high);
        quicksort(arr, low, pi - 1);
        quicksort(arr, pi + 1, high);
    }
}

int main() {
    int arr[] = { 64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    quicksort(arr, 0, n - 1);

    cout << "Sorted array: \n";
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        cout << arr[i] << " ";

    return 0;
}

Let's go through the code step by step:

1. Header inclusion: The code includes the <iostream> header, which is necessary for input/output operations in C++.

2. Namespace: The line using namespace std; allows us to use standard library functions and objects without explicitly specifying the std namespace.

3. Swap function: The swap function takes two integer pointers and swaps their values by using a temporary variable t.

4. Partition function: The partition function takes an array arr, a starting index low, and an ending index high. It chooses the last element arr[high] as the pivot and rearranges the array such that all elements smaller than the pivot are placed before it, and all elements greater than the pivot are placed after it. It returns the index of the pivot element.

5. Quicksort function: The quicksort function is a recursive function that performs the quicksort algorithm on the given array. It takes the array arr, a starting index low, and an ending index high. It first calls partition to find the pivot element and then recursively calls quicksort on the left and right subarrays, excluding the pivot.

6. Main function: The main function is the entry point of the program. It declares an array arr and initializes it with some values. It calculates the size of the array using sizeof and sizeof(arr[0]). It then calls quicksort to sort the array. Finally, it prints the sorted array using a for loop.

The quicksort algorithm works by selecting a pivot element and partitioning the array around it. It repeatedly partitions the subarrays until the entire array is sorted. The pivot element is chosen using various techniques, and in this code, the last element of the array is used as the pivot.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.