Studying Alphabet codechef solution in c++

Here is a step-by-step explanation for the solution to the "Studying Alphabet" problem on CodeChef, implemented in C++:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t; // Read the number of test cases

    while (t--) {
        string s;
        cin >> s; // Read the input string

        vector<int> freq(26, 0); // Initialize a vector to store the frequency of each alphabet

        for (char c : s) {
            freq[c - 'a']++; // Increment the frequency of the corresponding alphabet
        }

        int q;
        cin >> q; // Read the number of queries

        while (q--) {
            int k;
            cin >> k; // Read the query

            int count = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
                if (freq[i] > k) {
                    count += (freq[i] - k); // Increment count by the difference between the frequency and k
                }
            }

            cout << count << endl; // Print the answer for the query
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

1. We start by including the necessary libraries: iostream for input/output, string for string manipulation, and vector for storing the frequency of alphabets.

2. The using namespace std; statement allows us to use standard library functions and objects without specifying the namespace.

3. The main() function is the entry point of the program.

4. We read the number of test cases t using cin >> t;.

5. We enter a while loop that will execute t times. This loop is used to process each test case.

6. Inside the loop, we read the input string s using cin >> s;.

7. We initialize a vector freq of size 26 with all elements set to 0. This vector will be used to store the frequency of each alphabet.

8. We iterate through each character c in the input string s using a range-based for loop.

9. Inside the loop, we increment the frequency of the corresponding alphabet in the freq vector. We do this by subtracting the ASCII value of 'a' from the character c to get its index in the freq vector.

10. Next, we read the number of queries q using cin >> q;.

11. We enter another while loop that will execute q times. This loop is used to process each query.

12. Inside the loop, we read the query value k using cin >> k;.

13. We initialize a variable count to 0. This variable will store the answer for each query.

14. We iterate through each element in the freq vector using a for loop.

15. Inside the loop, we check if the frequency of the current alphabet is greater than k.

16. If the frequency is greater than k, we increment count by the difference between the frequency and k. This represents the number of times we need to remove an alphabet to make its frequency equal to k.

17. After processing all the alphabets, we print the value of count using cout << count << endl;.

18. Once all the queries for a test case are processed, we move to the next test case.

19. Finally, we return 0 to indicate successful program execution.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.