```c

Steps for Planning Questions

1. Identify typical misconceptions that might lead students to incorrect answers.
2. Determine if the question is open-ended or closed-ended.
3. Consider the underlying cause of the question.
4. Listen carefully to the question being asked.

The steps for planning questions involve identifying misconceptions, determining the type of question, considering the underlying cause, and actively listening to the question being asked [1]. These steps help in formulating effective and meaningful questions for various purposes, such as teaching, customer service, or communication in a crisis.

Responding to a Customer Request for a Refund

When a customer requests a refund and it is not possible or decided not to offer one, the following approach is recommended:

1. Acknowledge the customer's dissatisfaction with the product.
2. Provide a reason for not being able to offer a refund.
3. Offer an alternative solution or compensation.
4. Express a willingness to understand the customer's situation better and explore other ways to help.

Example response: "Hi [Customer Name], I'm sorry to hear that you're not happy with our product. While I'm unable to offer a refund, I can provide you with a billing extension, store credit, or another alternative solution. As we arrange that, I would love to understand your situation better and see if there's any other way we can assist you. Please let me know how we can best address your concerns."

This response acknowledges the customer's dissatisfaction, provides a reason for not offering a refund, offers an alternative solution, and expresses a willingness to understand the customer's situation better [2].

Differentiation Strategies for Classroom Instruction

Differentiation in the classroom involves responding to the needs of all learners. Some strategies and examples include:

1. Providing multiple options for students to demonstrate their understanding.
2. Offering flexible grouping and seating arrangements.
3. Adjusting the level of challenge for individual students.
4. Incorporating various learning styles and preferences.

Differentiation strategies aim to meet the diverse needs of students and create an inclusive learning environment [3].

Giving Negative or Awkward Feedback to Someone You're Close With

When giving negative or awkward feedback to someone you have a close relationship with, it is important to approach the situation with empathy and support. One possible response could be:

"I'm here to be for you what someone once was for me."

This response acknowledges the discomfort of the situation and expresses a willingness to provide support and understanding [4].

Communicating with Older Patients and Their Families

When communicating with older patients and their families, it is important to consider their autonomy and respect their choices. Some tips for effective communication include:

1. Setting clear boundaries with family members and encouraging respect for the patient's decision-making.
2. Being mindful of the older person's pace and avoiding hurrying them.
3. Recognizing the challenges faced by family caregivers and providing guidance and support.

Effective communication with older patients and their families involves understanding their unique needs and providing appropriate support [5].

Active Listening and Personalizing Customer Interactions

When dealing with angry customers, active listening and personalization can help in resolving their issues. Some tips include:

1. Actively listening to the customer's concerns and experiences.
2. Verbalizing that you are listening and acknowledging their feelings.
3. Using positive language that avoids isolating the customer or dismissing their concerns.

By practicing active listening and personalizing the interaction, you can create a more positive customer experience and facilitate problem resolution [6].

Writing Effective Test Questions

When writing test questions, it is important to consider the format and purpose of the assessment. Some considerations include:

1. Choosing between essay and objective exams based on the desired evaluation of knowledge.
2. Ensuring clear and concise wording of questions.
3. Providing clear instructions and options for multiple-choice questions.

Effective test questions should accurately assess a student's level of knowledge and understanding [7].

Best Practices for Writing Code Comments

When writing code comments, it is important to follow best practices to ensure clarity and understanding. Some recommendations include:

1. Avoiding obscure or confusing comments that may cause confusion.
2. Explaining unidiomatic code in comments to provide clarity.
3. Removing comments that do not contribute to understanding the code.

Clear and concise code comments help improve code readability and maintainability.

Responding to Literature: Green Eggs and Ham

In the book "Green Eggs and Ham," the unnamed main character initially refuses to try green eggs and ham but eventually discovers that they are good. The book supports the idea that books should teach a lesson or moral, such as being open-minded and not being stubborn [9].

Communicating in a Crisis

When communicating in a crisis, it is important to follow risk communication guidelines and consider the needs of the public. Effective communication strategies include:

1. Providing clear and accurate information.
2. Addressing public concerns and questions.
3. Offering support and resources to those affected by the crisis.

Effective communication in a crisis helps manage risks and provides necessary information to the public [10].