%g and %e in c
Explanation of %g in C
In C, the format specifier %g
is used in printf
and scanf
functions to format and parse floating-point numbers. It is a versatile format specifier that automatically chooses between %f
and %e
based on the value being printed or scanned.
When used with printf
, %g
formats the floating-point number in either decimal or exponential notation, depending on the magnitude of the number. It removes trailing zeros and unnecessary decimal places to provide a concise representation of the number.
For example, consider the following code snippet:
double number = 123.456789;
printf("%g", number);
The output of this code will be 123.457
, as %g
chooses the decimal notation for numbers with a magnitude between 0.0001 and 10,000.
Similarly, when used with scanf
, %g
parses a floating-point number in either decimal or exponential notation. It can handle input in both formats and convert it to a double
value.
Explanation of %e in C
In C, the format specifier %e
is used in printf
and scanf
functions to format and parse floating-point numbers in exponential notation. It represents the number as a mantissa and an exponent.
When used with printf
, %e
formats the floating-point number in exponential notation. It prints the mantissa with a single digit before the decimal point and the exponent as a power of 10.
For example, consider the following code snippet:
double number = 123.456789;
printf("%e", number);
The output of this code will be 1.234568e+02
, as %e
formats the number in exponential notation.
Similarly, when used with scanf
, %e
parses a floating-point number in exponential notation. It can handle input in the form of 1.234568e+02
and convert it to a double
value.
Example Usage:
Here's an example that demonstrates the usage of %g
and %e
in C:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
double number = 123456.789;
printf("Using %%g: %g\n", number);
printf("Using %%e: %e\n", number);
return 0;
}
Output:
Using %g: 123457
Using %e: 1.234568e+05
In this example, %g
is used to format the number 123456.789
in decimal notation, resulting in 123457
. %e
is used to format the same number in exponential notation, resulting in 1.234568e+05
.
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